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CE1: Confluent but NOT causally invariant
- All paths reach the same normal form
- But causal graphs differ along paths
CE2: Causally invariant but NOT confluent
- Multiple distinct normal forms
- But all causal graphs are isomorphic
This proves confluence and causal
invariance are independent properties.
WM148: Wolfram Physics Project case study (fresh-vertex semantics)
- rule {{x,y}} -> {{x,y},{y,z}} (one fresh vertex z)